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Gale, L.A. (2006). Sustaining Relationships Across Borders: Gendered Livelihoods and Mobility among Sierra Leonean Refugees. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 25(2), pp.69-80. 

Introduction: 

The presence of refugees constitutes an aberration in a modern world which is neatly partitioned into nation states. Within this framework, being a refugee is a temporary state of social and physical dislocation: refugee status is essentially a non-status. Refugees are viewed as existing in a social limbo, where the immediate needs of obtaining food, shelter, and medical attention overshadow all other concerns. However, recent ethnographic studies reveal the continued pursuit of livelihood strategies – economic as well as social projects – among refugee camp residents.